A new report detailing a live rail proof of concept has demonstrated how hybrid 5G/4G and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite connectivity can significantly improve onboard internet performance in real passenger service.
Delivered in partnership with Great Western Railway (GWR), Network Rail, Hitachi Rail and Peninsula Transport, the trial shows how combining multiple network technologies can overcome long-standing limitations of traditional onboard Wi‑Fi.
Key findings:
- The report highlights clear, measurable improvements in connectivity performance:
- Up to 1.2 Gbps peak throughput
- 99.75% connectivity across journeys
- Over 90% improvement in passenger satisfaction
Passengers experienced faster, more reliable internet, enabling consistent video calls, improved streaming and smoother browsing throughout their journeys.
Solving a network challenge
The report reinforces a key challenge for the rail industry: no single network can deliver reliable connectivity across the UK’s varied rail environment. Carriage shielding, route complexity and inconsistent mobile coverage continue to impact performance.
A hybrid approach
To address this, the trial deployed a hybrid connectivity solution combining cellular and satellite networks through intelligent aggregation.
Rather than switching between networks, the system uses them together, adapting in real time to maintain a seamless, uninterrupted connection across changing conditions.
Proven in live service
The proof of concept was delivered on a GWR Intercity Express Train, operating in real passenger service across routes including London, Cardiff, Swansea, Bristol, Exeter, Plymouth and Penzance.
Across the trial, the system delivered:
- 900 Mbps average available throughput
- 99.75% hybrid network availability
- 31,000+ passenger devices supported
Passenger feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with improvements reported across work productivity, streaming and general connectivity.
A scalable blueprint for rail
The report concludes that next-generation onboard connectivity is already viable in operational conditions. By combining cellular and satellite networks, the trial demonstrates a practical and scalable model for improving passenger experience across the rail network.